WebDownward Causation and Levels1 Jim Woodward HPS Pittsburgh 1. Introduction. This paper is a defense of downward (or top-down) causation and, along with this, a discussion of levels—why we sometimes find it useful to think in terms of this notion and what its limitations might be. The connection between these topics arises in part WebDownward causation can be defined as a converse of the reductionist principle above: the behavior of the parts (down) is determined by the behavior of the whole (up), so …
Downward, backward, teleological causation and divine action
http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/18004/1/Woodward1%20downward%20causation%20and%20levels%20for%20philsci%20archive.pdf WebJan 1, 2024 · 3. The Hodgkin-Huxley Model of the Action Potential as an Example of Downward Causation. There are many plausible examples of DC, explicitly described … essential needs for newborns
Downward Causation - Geoffrey Hodgson
http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/18004/ WebAgent-Causality Alternative Possibilities Causa Sui Causal Closure Causalism Causality Certainty Chance Chance Not Direct Cause Chaos Theory The Cogito Model Compatibilism Complexity Comprehensive Compatibilism Conceptual Analysis Contingency Control Could Do Otherwise Creativity Default Responsibility De-liberation Determination In philosophy, downward causation is a causal relationship from higher levels of a system to lower-level parts of that system: for example, mental events acting to cause physical events. The term was originally coined in 1974 by the philosopher and social scientist Donald T. Campbell. See more According to practopoietic theory of system organization, downward causation in biological systems always involves the environment. Downward causation does not occur by direct causal effects from higher to lower … See more • Campbell, Donald T. (1974) "Downward causation in hierarchically organised biological systems". In Francisco Jose Ayala and Theodosius Dobzhansky (Eds.), Studies in the … See more • Emergence • Physicalism • Reductionism • Supervenience • Practopoiesis See more • Mind and the Causal Exclusion Problem, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy • Practopoiesis • Practopoietic loop of causation • Downward pressure for adjustment See more fiona chisholm facebook